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What it does

Minecraft shows you a row of armor icons. It does not show you what those icons are worth.

Armor Insight puts a clean readout in the bottom-left corner of your screen with the number you actually care about: the percentage of an incoming hit your gear will absorb

Damage Reduction 89.2% vs 10 dmg
Armor 20  Toughness 8
Protection 16
Fire 96.0%  Blast 91.4%  Proj 93.0%

The extra lines appear only when they're relevant, so the overlay stays out of your way.

Press U to toggle it on or off. The key is fully rebindable under Options → Controls → Armor Insight.

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Why the numbers are right

Most overlays read the armor value the server hands your client and multiply it by four. That breaks the moment anything unusual is involved.

Armor Insight reads each equipped item's own component data instead:

• Armor & toughness come from every item's attribute_modifiers, resolved through the same ADD_VALUE → ADD_MULTIPLIED_BASE → ADD_MULTIPLIED_TOTAL order the game itself uses. Custom gear with multiplicative modifiers is handled correctly, not just vanilla diamond and netherite.
• Protection is pulled from each enchantment's data-driven damage_protection effect, so if a datapack retunes Protection, the overlay follows it rather than assuming vanilla values.
• Slots are respected properly. Attributes count only where the item says they should, and protection is only read from your four armor slots. A chestplate in your off-hand contributes nothing, because in the real damage calculation it contributes nothing.

The reduction maths mirror the game's own getDamageLeft and getInflictedDamage routines, including the toughness term and the 20-point protection cap.

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One number worth understanding

Armor reduction in Minecraft depends on how hard the hit is; heavy blows punch through armor more effectively than light ones. A single "you have X% reduction" figure is therefore meaningless on its own.

So the overlay tells you what it's measuring against: a 10-damage hit, roughly a solid melee blow. That's why you see vs 10 dmg on the first line.

Fire, Blast and Projectile

These protections only apply to their own kind of damage, so they get their own line rather than being quietly folded into the headline percentage. Each already includes your generic Protection on top.

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Uses Fabric's standard HUD element API, so it coexists cleanly with other HUD mods. The overlay hides itself automatically when the HUD is hidden (F1), while the debug screen (F3) is open, and in spectator mode, and it steps aside when you open chat.