Camera Obscura

Animated Render

Camera Obscura is a server‑side software rasterizer that renders the world as seen by any entity (player, mob, etc.) directly on the server, producing Photos or Videos as Minecraft maps. It has deep integrations for custom items (Nexo, ItemsAdder) and a custom preset system.

Features

Take photos: Generate a map item showing what the target entity sees.
Record videos: Capture your world on video and play it back on item frames.
Fully configurable: Resolution, color mode, dithering, render distance, and more.
Custom item support: Create cameras/camcorders with any appearance via Nexo or ItemsAdder.
Asynchronous rendering: Never blocks the main server thread.
No client mods required: Everything is server‑side; maps/recordings work on vanilla clients.

PNG Render

Installation

Fabric Server

Install Fabric API and Polymer (for virtual items).
Place camera-obscura-fabric.jar into your mods/ folder.
The configuration file will be created on start.

Configuration

The configuration file is config/cameraobscura/config.json.

{
  "renderDistance": 32,
  "showSystemMessages": false,
  "renderEntities": true,
  "fullbright": false,
  "fov": 70,
  "biomeBlend": 1,
  "ssaa": 2,
  "maxChunkRebuildsPerTick": 5,
  "debug": false,
  "cameraConsumesItem": true,
  "cameraConsumeItem": "map",
  "commandPermissionLevel": 2
}

Option	Description
`renderDistance`	View distance in blocks (higher = longer render time).
`showSystemMessages`	Show “Taking photo…” / “Done!” messages in chat.
`renderEntities`	Whether to render entities (players, mobs, item frames) in the picture.
`fullbright`	Ignore lighting (everything appears at full brightness).
`fov`	Field of view in degrees (default is 70).
`biomeBlend`	Radius for blending block colors (biome tint). `0` = no blending.
`ssaa`	Supersampling anti‑aliasing factor (1 = off, 2 = 2x supersampling, 3 = 3x).
`maxChunkRebuildsPerTick`	Maximum chunks rebuilt per frame per video recording and live-map (to limit CPU spikes).
`debug`	Print frame timings and show FPS overlay on the output image.
`cameraConsumesItem`	Whether taking a photo consumes an item (e.g. a map).
`cameraConsumeItem`	Required item material (e.g. `map`, `paper`).
`commandPermissionLevel`	Base permission level for commands.

Commands & Permissions

Base permission cameraobscura.command.

All commands use the root /camera-obscura

1. Take a map from your perspective

/camera-obscura [scale]

scale: multiply the map resolution (1 = 128×128, 2 = 256×256, up to 3).
Gives you a filled map showing what you see.

2. Take a map of another entities perspective

/camera-obscura <entity> <player> [scale]

<entity>: any living entity (player, mob, etc.)
<player>: who receives the map item.

3. Save as PNG image

/camera-obscura save [entity] [scale]

Saves the rendered image as a .png in config/cameraobscura/renders/.

4. Reload configuration

/camera-obscura reload

Reloads the config file.

5. Clear resource/model cache

/camera-obscura clear-cache

6. Give a camera item

/camera-obscura give <preset> [player]

<preset>: The name of a preset defined in presets.json (e.g. camera, camcorder, instant, polaroid, pro_camera, handycam, cctv).
[player]: Optional player name; if omitted, gives the item to the command sender.

Examples:

/camera-obscura give camera -> gives yourself the default camera.
/camera-obscura give camcorder Pinnit -> gives the player Pinnit a camcorder.
/camera-obscura give my-preset -> gives yourself an item from a preset.

📷 Using the Camera Item

Basic Camera

Hold the camera in your main hand.
Right‑click -> after a countdown, the photo map item appears in your inventory (or drops on the ground if full).
The map shows the world from your viewpoint at that moment.

Camcorder

Same controls, but starts recording instead of taking a single photo.
The action-bar text indicates recording.
Release to stop recording, the video will be saved as a map item that can be played back on item-frames.
While recording, particles appear around the camera (frame effect).
Videos are stored as APNG in config/cameraobscura/camera_videos/<id>.apng

Components

The mod uses data components to store camera settings on the item stack.

This allows you to create cameras with different resolutions, color modes, and video parameters using standard commands, recipes, or loot tables.

Available Components

Component ID	Type	Description
`camera-obscura:color`	`string` (ColorMode)	`"COLOR"`, `"MONOCHROME"`, `"GRAYSCALE"`, `"SEPIA"`
`camera-obscura:resolution`	`{width:int, height:int}`	Resolution in pixels (e.g. `{width:256, height:256}`)
`camera-obscura:dither`	`string` (DitherMode)	`"NONE"`, `"BAYER_2X2"`, `"FLOYD_STEINBERG"`, etc. (see full list below)
`camera-obscura:video`	`{frame_rate:int, max_frames:int, loop_playback:bool}`	Video recording parameters
`camera-obscura:map`	`unit`	Marks the item as a live map (internal)
`camera-obscura:camera_entity`	`entity_reference`	Stores the entity that took the photo (internal)
`camera-obscura:data`	`{id:uuid, video_params:...}`	Internal video data

DitherMode values: NONE, BAYER_2X2, BAYER_4X4, BAYER_8X8, FLOYD_STEINBERG, ATKINSON, JARVIS_JUDICE_NINKE, STUCKI, SIERRA, BURKES

Using Components in Commands

/give

/give @p camera-obscura:camera[camera-obscura:color="SEPIA",camera-obscura:resolution={width:512,height:512},camera-obscura:dither="FLOYD_STEINBERG"]

/item modify

Create a data pack with an item modifier:

{
  "function": "set_components",
  "components": {
    "camera-obscura:color": "GRAYSCALE",
    "camera-obscura:resolution": { "width": 192, "height": 192 },
    "camera-obscura:dither": "BAYER_8X8"
  }
}

Then run: /item modify entity @s weapon.mainhand my_pack:camera_settings

Using Components in Recipes

In a crafting recipes:

{
  "type": "minecraft:crafting_shaped",
  "pattern": ["###", "#P#", "###"],
  "key": {
    "#": "minecraft:iron_ingot",
    "P": "minecraft:ender_pearl"
  },
  "result": {
    "id": "camera-obscura:camera",
    "components": {
      "camera-obscura:color": "SEPIA",
      "camera-obscura:resolution": { "width": 128, "height": 128 },
      "camera-obscura:dither": "NONE"
    }
  }
}

For a camcorder (video mode), include video:

"components": {
  "camera-obscura:color": "COLOR",
  "camera-obscura:resolution": { "width": 256, "height": 256 },
  "camera-obscura:video": { "frame_rate": 15, "max_frames": 300 }
}

Giving a Camcorder with Default Video Settings

The basic camcorder item (without components) uses global config defaults. To explicitly set video parameters:

/give @s camera-obscura:camcorder[camera-obscura:video={frame_rate:10,max_frames:200,loop_playback:true}]

Built-in Items

On Fabric, Camera Obscura adds a few built‑in camera and camcorder items with pre‑configured settings (color mode, resolution, video parameters).

Camera Items (Photo Mode)

Item ID	color Mode	Resolution	Dithering
`camera-obscura:camera`	`COLOR`	128×128	`NONE`
`camera-obscura:grayscale_camera`	`GRAYSCALE`	128×128	`NONE`
`camera-obscura:primitive_camera`	`MONOCHROME`	128×128	`NONE`
`camera-obscura:retro_camera`	`SEPIA`	128×128	`NONE`

Camcorder Items (Video Mode)

Record videos with pre‑set framerate and max frame count.

Item ID	color Mode	Resolution	Dithering	Video (FPS / Max Frames)
`camera-obscura:camcorder`	`COLOR`	128×128	`NONE`	10 FPS / 400 frames
`camera-obscura:grayscale_camcorder`	`GRAYSCALE`	128×128	`NONE`	20 FPS / 400 frames
`camera-obscura:primitive_camcorder`	`MONOCHROME`	128×128	`NONE`	20 FPS / 400 frames
`camera-obscura:retro_camcorder`	`SEPIA`	128×128	`NONE`	20 FPS / 400 frames

Usage example:

/give @s camera-obscura:grayscale_camera

Video Playback

To play back a video maps:

Place the map in an item frame.
Right‑click the item frame and the video will start playing on the map.
Right‑click again to stop playback.

Presets

You can add your own presets, pre‑configured camera items with custom materials, display names, and camera settings (resolution, color mode, dither mode, video parameters).

Presets are stored in presets.json and can be given to players using the /camera-obscura give <preset> <player> command.

Preset Configuration Format

The presets.json file contains a JSON object where each key is a preset name and the value is an object with the following fields:

Field	Description
`material`	Item ID (e.g. `"paper"`, `"clock"`)
`camera`	Camera‑specific options (see below)
`components`	Optional vanilla data components to apply to the item stack (1.20.5+)

Camera Options

All fields are optional

Field	Type	Description
`resolution`	`{ width, height }`	Output resolution in pixels (e.g. `{ "width": 256, "height": 256 }`)
`color_mode`	string	`"COLOR"`, `"MONOCHROME"`, `"GRAYSCALE"`, `"SEPIA"`
`dither_mode`	string	`"NONE"`, `"BAYER_2X2"`, `"FLOYD_STEINBERG"`, etc.
`video_params`	`{ frame_rate, max_frames }`	Video recording parameters

Default Presets

The mod ships with several ready‑to‑use presets. You can modify or delete them as you like.

{
  "camera": {
    "material": "paper",
    "camera": {
      "resolution": { "width": 128, "height": 128 },
      "color_mode": "COLOR",
      "dither_mode": "NONE",
      "video": { "frame_rate": 0, "max_frames": 1 }
    },
    "components": {
      "minecraft:item_name": { "text": "Camera", "color": "gold" },
      "minecraft:max_stack_size": 1
    }
  },
  "camcorder": {
    "material": "paper",
    "camera": {
      "resolution": { "width": 128, "height": 128 },
      "color_mode": "COLOR",
      "dither_mode": "NONE",
      "video": { "frame_rate": 20, "max_frames": 200 }
    }
  },
  "instant": {
    "material": "paper",
    "camera": {
      "resolution": { "width": 256, "height": 256 },
      "color_mode": "SEPIA",
      "dither_mode": "BAYER_4X4"
    },
    "components": {
      "minecraft:item_name": { "text": "Instant Camera", "italic": false }
    }
  },
  "polaroid": {
    "material": "paper",
    "camera": {
      "resolution": { "width": 512, "height": 512 },
      "color_mode": "GRAYSCALE",
      "dither_mode": "FLOYD_STEINBERG"
    },
    "components": {
      "minecraft:item_name": { "text": "Polaroid", "color": "white" },
      "minecraft:custom_model_data": 1
    }
  },
  "pro_camera": {
    "material": "ender_eye",
    "camera": {
      "resolution": { "width": 128, "height": 128 },
      "color_mode": "COLOR",
      "dither_mode": "NONE",
      "video": { "frame_rate": 30, "max_frames": 600 }
    },
    "components": {
      "minecraft:item_name": { "text": "Pro Camera", "color": "light_purple", "bold": true },
      "minecraft:max_stack_size": 1,
      "minecraft:custom_model_data": 2
    }
  },
  "handycam": {
    "material": "clock",
    "camera": {
      "resolution": { "width": 256, "height": 256 },
      "color_mode": "COLOR",
      "dither_mode": "BAYER_2X2",
      "video": { "frame_rate": 15, "max_frames": 450 }
    },
    "components": {
      "minecraft:item_name": { "text": "Handycam", "color": "aqua" },
      "minecraft:max_stack_size": 1
    }
  },
  "cctv": {
    "material": "observer",
    "camera": {
      "resolution": { "width": 192, "height": 192 },
      "color_mode": "MONOCHROME",
      "dither_mode": "SIERRA",
      "video": { "frame_rate": 5, "max_frames": 30000 }
    },
    "components": {
      "minecraft:item_name": { "text": "CCTV Camera", "color": "dark_gray" },
      "minecraft:max_stack_size": 1
    }
  }
}

Using Presets in Commands

/camera-obscura give camera
/camera-obscura give camcorder
/camera-obscura give instant
/camera-obscura give handycam Notch

Tab completion suggests available preset names.

Reloading Presets

After editing presets.json while the server is running, run:

/camera-obscura reload

This reloads both the main configuration and all presets without restarting the server.

How It Works (Technical Overview)

Camera Obscura runs completely on the server and uses a software rasterizer to draw the scene pixel by pixel.

The renderer requests chunks and entities around the target.
Block models are converted into triangles and stored in a cache (per chunk).
Lighting, ambient occlusion, and fog are computed from the actual world state.
Rendering happens asynchronously on a separate thread pool, no lag for the main game.
After rendering, the image is converted to (a) Minecraft map(s) (or saved as PNG).
Video recording captures frames at the configured framerate.

Performance considerations

Higher resolution & SSAA increase CPU usage drastically.
Render distances above 128 may cause issues if chunks are not loaded.
Video recording is CPU‑intensive. For high‑quality recordings, consider lowering the framerate!

Troubleshooting

Problem	Check
Photo doesn't appear in inventory	Check that `cameraConsumesItem` is `false` or you have the required item (e.g. a map).
“Missing required item” message	You need the configured `cameraConsumeItem` material in your inventory.
Very long render times (> 5 seconds)	Reduce `renderDistance`, `ssaa`, or `resolution`. Enable `debug` to see per‑frame timings.
Server crashes with OOM error	Increase server memory (`-Xmx2G` or more). Lower `renderDistance` and `ssaa`.
Custom Nexo/ItemsAdder item ignored	Ensure the `camera` section is correctly indented and the mechanic is spelled exactly `camera`.

Camera Obscura

Compatibility

Minecraft: Java Edition

Platforms

Supported environments

Links

Tags

Creators

Details

Camera Obscura

Features

Installation

Fabric Server

Configuration

Commands & Permissions

1. Take a map from your perspective

2. Take a map of another entities perspective

3. Save as PNG image

4. Reload configuration

5. Clear resource/model cache

6. Give a camera item

📷 Using the Camera Item

Components

Available Components

Using Components in Commands

/give

/item modify

Using Components in Recipes

Giving a Camcorder with Default Video Settings

Built-in Items

Camera Items (Photo Mode)

Camcorder Items (Video Mode)

Video Playback

Presets

Preset Configuration Format

Camera Options

Default Presets

Using Presets in Commands

Reloading Presets

How It Works (Technical Overview)

Performance considerations

Troubleshooting